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Retina International‘s
Scientific Newsletter
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Disease Database
Retinal and Macular Dystrophy Loci
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Recent update from: 29.11.2006
| Disease |
Gene locus |
MIM |
Gene |
Gene MIM |
MoI |
Assignment |
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Linked Marker [cM] |
Remarks |
References |
|
Atrophia Areata
|
AA
|
108985
|
|
|
ad
|
11p15
|
|
D11S1323, D11S902
|
|
(17)
|
|
Autosomal Dominant Macular Atrophy
|
adMD
|
|
ELOLV4
|
605512
|
ad
|
6q14
|
|
D6S430- D6S1557- D6S1661- D6S280- D6S1589 [-D6S257- D6S430- D6S313- D6S1625- D6S1613- [-D6S1707- D6S445- D6S1634-D6S1609- D6S1595- D6S1601- D6S1644- D6S613- D6S1570- D6S1631]- D6S275- [D6S300- D6S1716]- D6S475- D6S301
|
Resembles STGD3 without dark choroid in flourescein angiogram
Exclusion of CORD7 and MCDR1/PBCRA as loci
|
(21)
(83)
|
|
autosomal dominant retinal dystrophy
|
adRD
|
|
GUCA1B
|
602275
|
ad
|
6p21.1
|
|
|
|
(55)
|
|
Age-related Macular Dystrophy
|
ARMD1
|
603075
|
CFH1
|
134370
|
ar
|
1q32
|
|
|
|
(35)
(23)
(12)
|
|
Age-related Macular Dystrophy
|
AMD
|
153800
|
ABCR
|
601691
|
ar
|
1p22-21
|
|
D1S406- D1S236
|
1218 pat. tested against 1258 controls (both N. American and W. Europe origin)
Tested G1961E and D2177N
Found G1961: 19/1218 pat. & 4/1258 cont.
Found D2177N: 21/1189 pat. & 8/1258 cont.
|
(2)
(1)
|
|
Age-related Macular Dystrophy
|
AMD
|
|
|
|
ar
|
10q26
|
|
D10S12307- D10S1230
|
|
(78)
(41)
(58)
(34)
|
|
Age-related Macular Dystrophy
|
ARMD1
|
603075
|
LOC387715
|
607772
|
ar
|
10q25.3-q26.2
|
|
|
|
(28)
(54)
|
|
Age-related Macular Dystrophy
|
ARMD1
|
603075
|
TLR4
|
603030
|
ar
|
9q32-33
|
|
|
|
(81)
|
|
Age-related Macular Dystrophy
|
ARMD1
|
603075
|
HEMICENTIN-1
|
|
ar
|
6p12.3-16
|
|
LAMB2- D1S158- D1S2701- D1S2127- D1S240- D1S2711- D1S444- D1S254- D1S191- D1S2848- D1S1194- HEM- D1S2138- D1S3460-D1S202- D1S1642- D1S518
|
|
(57)
|
|
Age-related Macular Dystrophy
|
ARMD3
|
608895
|
FBLN5
|
604580
|
ar
|
14q32.1
|
|
|
|
(67)
|
|
Benigne Concentric Annular Macular Dystrophy
|
BCAMD
|
153870
|
IMPG1
|
602870
|
ad
|
6p12.3-16
|
|
D6S269- [D6S257- D6S1551- D6S430- RIM1- IMPG1- BCAMD- D6S1625- D6S1609- D6S2258- D6S1644- GABRR1&2- D6S1613-D6S1570- D6S1694]- D6S300- D6S249- D6S1671- D6S301
|
Dutch
|
(74)
|
|
Bothnia Retinal Dystrophy
|
BRD
|
607475
|
RLBP1
|
180090
|
ar
|
15q26
|
|
|
|
(6)
(5)
(7)
(19)
|
|
Central areolar choroidal dystrophy
|
CACD
|
215500
|
|
|
ad
|
17p13-12
|
|
tel- D17S849- (D17S5- D17S1298- D17S938- D17S796- D17S786/ D17S952- D17S804/ D17S945- D17S520- cen
|
Northern Irish family
|
(40)
|
|
Cystoid macular dystrophy
|
DCMD
|
153880
|
|
|
ad
|
7p21-15
|
|
D7S526
|
|
(38)
(80)
|
|
Dominant drusen with macular dystrophy
|
|
|
|
|
ad
|
6q14
|
|
[D6S1609- (D6S1652 (lod 1.16)- D6S1004- D6S2258)- D6S1644- D6S1613- D6S1570- D6S1056- D6S1054- D6S424- D6S284- D6S249 (lod 3.17)- D6S475- D6S1717- D6S1671- D6S283 16.1 cM]
|
|
(84)
|
|
Doyne's honeycomb retinal dystrophy
|
DHRD
|
126600
|
EFEMP1
|
601548
|
ad
|
2p16
|
|
D2S119- D2S391- D2S2227- D2S2316- [5 D2S2739- DS2251- D2S2325- D2S378- D2S370- D2S147
|
|
(20)
(68)
|
|
Enhanced S-cone Syndrome
|
ESCS
|
268100
|
NR2E3, PNR
|
604485
|
ar
|
15q23
|
|
D15S125- [D15S1015- D15S216- D15S131- D15S204]- D15S999
|
94% mutation detection rate
79% mutation detection rate with 2 patients without any mutation
|
(22)
(66)
(31)
|
|
Fundus albipunctatus
|
FA
|
136880
|
RDH5
|
601617
|
ar
|
12q13-14
|
|
|
|
(79)
|
|
Fundus Xerophthalmicus
|
|
|
RBP4
|
180250
|
ar
|
10q24
|
|
D10S571 D10S185
|
|
(59)
|
|
Hypotrichosis with Juvenile Macular Dystrophy
|
HJMD
|
601553
|
CDH3
|
114021
|
ar
|
16q22.1
|
|
[5cM D16S3085- D16S3025- D16S3066]
|
4 consanguineous Druze families from Israel
Homozygosity mapping
|
(65)
|
|
late onset Retinal Degeneration
|
L-ORD
|
605670
|
CTRP5
|
608752
|
ad
|
11q23.3
|
|
|
|
(24)
(4)
(71)
|
Progressive macular dystrophy North Carolina Type
|
MCDR1
|
136550
|
|
|
ad
|
6q16
|
|
cen- D6S275/D6S361- D6S492- D6S424- D6S300- D6S1682- D6S501- D6S249- AFM270XE5- D6S1716- WI-2896- D6S1717- D6S1565- GATAp9365- D6S1671- D6S468- D6S283- tel
|
French family
Irish family
|
(60)
(62)
(63)
(61)
|
|
Autosomal dominant Bull's Eye Macular Dystrophy
|
MCDR2
|
608051
|
|
|
ad
|
4p15.2-16.3
|
|
D4S2936- D4S3023- D4S2935- D4S416- D4S2994- D4S3022- D4S391- D4S2912- D4S1587
|
British
|
(44)
|
|
North Carolina Macular Dystrophy
|
MCDR3
|
136550
|
|
|
ad
|
5p13.1-15.33
|
|
D5S1981- D5S417- D5S2088- D5S406- D5S1953- D5S630- MCDR1- D5S416- D5S2031- D5S419- D5S426
|
Non-consanguineous
British
|
(45)
|
|
Malattia leventinense
|
MLVT
|
126600
|
EFEMP1
|
601548
|
ar
|
2p21-16
|
|
D2S391 -[6.2 D2S2227- D2S123- D2S2251- D2S2153- D2S378]- D2S2138- D2S370
|
Graduated penetrance values used for linkage calculations
- 0 - 19 y: 0%
- 20 - 30 y: 20%
- >31: 95%
|
(9)
(11)
(25)
(68)
(42)
|
|
Newfoundland Rod-Cone Dystrophy, Early-Onset Retinal Dystrophy
|
NFRCD
|
607476
|
RLBP1
|
180090
|
ar
|
15q26
|
|
D15S205- D15S127
|
Reminiscent of Retinitis punctata albescens
Younger age
|
(13)
|
|
Progressive bifocal chorioretinal atrophy
|
PBCRA
|
600790
|
|
|
ad
|
6q11-16.2
|
|
D6S249- D6S283
|
Seperate clinical entity from MCDR1
|
(33)
|
|
Rod/Cone Dystrophy, pseudo dominant
|
|
|
|
|
ad
|
1p21-13
|
|
D1S406- D1S236
|
|
(26)
|
|
Primary Retinal Dysplasia
|
PRD
|
312550
|
|
|
xl
|
Xp11.3
|
|
|
|
(51)
|
|
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
|
PXE
|
264800
|
ABCC6
|
603234
|
ar
|
16p13.1
|
|
tel- D16S3114- D16S500- D16S2619- D16S3079- D16S3060- D16S405- [D16S2720, D16B9622]- ABCC6- D16S764- D16S79- D16S3103- D16S3017- D16S499- D16S3036
|
Prototypic heritable connective tissue disorder
Primary manifestations in skin, eyes, and cardiovascular system
Ocular features: angioid streaks
Angioid streaks result from fractures in Bruch's membrane
|
(52)
(53)
|
|
Retinal Degeneration
|
|
|
PROML1
|
|
ar
|
4p16
|
|
|
|
(43)
|
|
Retinitis punctata albescens
|
RPA
|
136880
|
RHO
|
180380
|
ar
|
3q21-24
|
|
|
|
(64)
(77)
|
|
Retinitis punctata albescens
|
RPA
|
136880
|
RDS/Peripherin
|
179605
|
ar
|
6p12
|
|
|
|
(29)
|
|
Retinitis punctata albescens
|
RPA
|
136880
|
RLBP1
|
180090
|
ar
|
15q26
|
|
|
|
(46)
|
|
Retinal pattern dystrophy
|
|
179605
|
RDS/Peripherin
|
179605
|
ad
|
6p12
|
|
|
|
(32)
(39)
|
|
Retinoschisis
|
RS
|
312700
|
XLRS1
|
|
xl
|
Xp22.2
|
|
DXS418- DXS999 [2]
|
|
(49)
(56)
(73)
|
|
Sorsby´s Fundus Dystrophy
|
SFD
|
136900
|
TIMP3
|
188826
|
ad
|
22q12-13.2
|
|
|
|
(14)
(15)
(75)
|
|
Slow Photoreceptor Degeneration
|
SPD
|
|
RGS9
|
|
ar
|
17q24
|
|
|
|
(48)
|
|
Slow Photoreceptor Degeneration
|
SPD
|
|
R9AP
|
|
ar
|
17q24
|
|
|
|
(48)
|
|
Juvenile Stargardt disease
|
STGD1
|
248200
|
ABCR
|
601691
|
ar
|
1p22-21
|
|
D1S406- D1S236
|
|
(3)
(2)
(30)
|
|
Fundus flavimaculatus with macular dystrophy
|
FFM
|
248200
|
ABCR
|
601691
|
ar
|
1p21-13
|
|
tel- D1S311- D1S207- D1S167- D1S435- D1S188- D1S1170- D1S424- D1S406- D1S236- D1S497- D1S420- D1S206- D1S415- cen
|
Intrafamilial variability with early- and late-onset cases
|
(2)
(3)
(18)
(27)
(72)
|
Macular dystrophy with flecks Stargardt 2
|
STGD2
|
153900
|
|
|
ad
|
13q34
|
|
D13S159- D13S158
|
|
(82)
|
Macular dystrophy with flecks Stargardt 3
|
STGD3
|
600110
|
ELOLV4
|
605512
|
ad
|
6q14
|
|
D6S313- D6S252 D6S280 D6S1622- D6S391
|
General founder mutation in nearly all investigated North American families
|
(10)
(37)
(69)
(83)
|
|
Autosomal dominant Stargardt-like Disease
|
STGD4
|
603786
|
|
|
ad
|
4p
|
|
D4S3007- [~12 D4S1582- D4S2639- D4S2944- D4S1602- D4S403- D4S1601- D4S2397 (includes retinal proteins DRP- 1 and HSP90)]
|
|
(36)
|
|
Autosomal dominant Stargardt-like Macular Dystrophy
|
|
|
|
|
ad
|
6q16
|
|
D6S430- D6S313- D6S1681- D6S280- D6S286- D6S460- D6S1609- D6S1601- D6S462- D6S275- D6S417- D6S1720- D6S300
|
7 North American were joined to one great family
|
(8)
|
Macular dystrophy atypical vitelliform
|
VMD1
|
153840
|
|
|
ad
|
8q24
|
|
GPT1
|
|
(16)
|
Vitelliform macular dystrophy Best disease
|
VMD2 BMD
|
153700
|
Bestrophin
|
607854
|
ad
|
11q12-13.1
|
|
UGB- D11S4076- D11S1765
|
|
(47)
(50)
(70)
(76)
|
MoI = Mode of Inheritance: a: autosomal, ad: autosomal dominant, ar: autosomal recessive, xl: x-linked, mt: mitochondrial
References
- Allikmets,R. Further evidence for an association of ABCR alleles with age-related macular degeneration. The International ABCR Screening Consortium. 2000; Am.J.Hum.Genet. 67: 487-491.
Goto Top
- Allikmets,R., Shroyer,N.F., Singh,N., Seddon,J.M., Lewis,R.A., Bernstein,P.S., Peiffer,A., Zabriskie,N.A., Li,Y., Hutchinson,A., Dean,M., Lupski,J.R., and Leppert,M. Mutation of the Stargardt disease gene (ABCR) in age-related macular degeneration. 1997; Science. 277: 1805-1807.
Goto Top
- Allikmets,R., Singh,N., Sun,H., Shroyer,N.F., Hutchinson,A., Chidambaram,A., Gerrard,B., Baird,L., Stauffer,D., Peiffer,A., Rattner,A., Smallwood,P., Li,Y., Anderson,K.L., Lewis,R.A., Nathans,J., Leppert,M., Dean,M., and Lupski,J.R. A photoreceptor cell-specific ATP-binding transporter gene (ABCR) is mutated in recessive Stargardt macular dystrophy. 1997; Nat.Genet. 15: 236-246.
Goto Top
- Ayyagari,R., Mandal,M.N., Karoukis,A.J., Chen,L., McLaren,N.C., Lichter,M., Wong,D.T., Hitchcock,P.F., Caruso,R.C., Moroi,S.E., Maumenee,I.H., and Sieving,P.A. Late-onset macular degeneration and long anterior lens zonules result from a CTRP5 gene mutation. 2005; Invest Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 46: 3363-3371.
Goto Top
- Burstedt,M.S., Forsman-Semb,K., Golovleva,I., Janunger,T., Wachtmeister,L., and Sandgren,O. Ocular phenotype of bothnia dystrophy, an autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa associated with an R234W mutation in the RLBP1 gene. 2001; Arch.Ophthalmol. 119: 260-267.
Goto Top
- Burstedt,M.S., Sandgren,O., Holmgren,G., and Forsman-Semb,K. Bothnia dystrophy caused by mutations in the cellular retinaldehyde- binding protein gene (RLBP1) on chromosome 15q26. 1999; Invest.Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 40: 995-1000.
Goto Top
- Crabb,J.W., Andrabi,K., Shaw,N., Wu,Z., Bhattacharya,S., West,K.A., Burstedt,M., Sandgren,O., and Golovleva,I. The R233W Mutation In Bothnia Dystrophy Does Not Abolish Cralbp Retinoid Binding. 2001; Invest.Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 42: S655 Goto Top
- Donoso,L.A., Frost,A.T., Stone,E.M., Weleber,R.G., MacDonald,I.M., Hageman,G.S., Cibis,G.W., Ritter,R., and Edwards,A.O. Autosomal dominant Stargardt-like macular dystrophy: founder effect and reassessment of genetic heterogeneity. 2001; Arch.Ophthalmol. 119: 564-570.
Goto Top
- Edwards,A., Klein,M.L., Berselli,C.B., Weleber,R.G., Rust,K., Wirtz,M.K., Hejtmancik,J.F., and Acott,T.S. Refinement of the locus for malattia leventinese: An autosomal dominant form of macular degeneration with a radial drusen phenotype. 1997; Invest.Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 38: S1140 Goto Top
- Edwards,A.O., Donoso,L.A., and Ritter,R., III. A novel gene for autosomal dominant stargardt-like macular dystrophy with homology to the sur4 protein family. 2001; Invest.Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 42: 2652-2663.
Goto Top
- Edwards,A.O., Klein,M.L., Berselli,C.B., Hejtmancik,J.F., Rust,K., Wirtz,M.K., Weleber,R.G., and Acott,T.S. Malattia leventinese: refinement of the genetic locus and phenotypic variability in autosomal dominant macular drusen. 1998; Am.J.Ophthalmol. 126: 417-424.
Goto Top
- Edwards,A.O., Ritter,R., III, Abel,K.J., Manning,A., Panhuysen,C., and Farrer,L.A. Complement factor H polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration. 2005; Science. 308: 421-424.
Goto Top
- Eichers,E.R., Green,J.S., Stockton,D.W., Jackman,C.S., Whelan,J., McNamara,J.A., Johnson,G.J., Lupski,J.R., and Katsanis,N. Newfoundland Rod-Cone Dystrophy, an Early-Onset Retinal Dystrophy, Is Caused by Splice-Junction Mutations in RLBP1. 2002; Am.J.Hum.Genet. 70: 955-964.
Goto Top
- Felbor,U., Doepner,D., Schneider,U., Zrenner,E., and Weber,B.H. Evaluation of the gene encoding the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 in various maculopathies. 1997; Invest.Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 38: 1054-1059.
Goto Top
- Felbor,U., Suvanto,E.A., Forsius,H.R., Eriksson,A.W., and Weber,B.H. Autosomal recessive Sorsby fundus dystrophy revisited: molecular evidence for dominant inheritance. 1997; Am.J.Hum.Genet. 60: 57-62.
Goto Top
- Ferrell,R.E., Hittner,H.M., and Antoszyk,J.H. Linkage of atypical vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD-1) to the soluble glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT1) locus. 1983; Am.J.Hum.Genet. 35: 78-84.
Goto Top
- Fossdal,R., Magnusson,L., Weber,J.L., and Jensson,O. Mapping the locus of atrophia areata, a helicoid peripapillary chorioretinal degeneration with autosomal dominant inheritance, to chromosome 11p15. 1995; Hum Mol.Genet. 4: 479-483.
Goto Top
- Gerber,S., Rozet,J.M., Bonneau,D., Souied,E., Camuzat,A., Dufier,J.L., Amalric,P., Weissenbach,J., Munnich,A., and Kaplan,J. A gene for late-onset fundus flavimaculatus with macular dystrophy maps to chromosome 1p13. 1995; Am.J.Hum.Genet. 56: 396-399.
Goto Top
- Granse,L., Abrahamson,M., Ponjavic,V., and Andreasson,S. Electrophysiological findings in two young patients with Bothnia dystrophy and a mutation in the RLBP1 gene. 2001; Ophthalmic Genet. 22: 97-105.
Goto Top
- Gregory,C.Y., Evans,K., Wijesuriya,S.D., Kermani,S., Jay,M.R., Plant,C., Cox,N., Bird,A.C., and Bhattacharya,S.S. The gene responsible for autosomal dominant Doyne's honeycomb retinal dystrophy (DHRD) maps to chromosome 2p16. 1996; Hum.Mol.Genet. 5: 1055-1059.
Goto Top
- Griesinger,I.B., Sieving,P.A., and Ayyagari,R. Autosomal dominant macular atrophy at 6q14 excludes CORD7 and MCDR1/PBCRA loci. 2000; Invest.Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 41: 248-255.
Goto Top
- Haider,M.Z., Devarajan,L.V., Al Essa,M., Srivastva,B.S., Kumar,H., Azad,R., and Rashwan,N. Missense mutations in norrie disease gene are not associated with advanced stages of retinopathy of prematurity in Kuwaiti arabs. 2000; Biol.Neonate. 77: 88-91.
Goto Top
- Haines,J.L., Hauser,M.A., Schmidt,S., Scott,W.K., Olson,L.M., Gallins,P., Spencer,K.L., Kwan,S.Y., Noureddine,M., Gilbert,J.R., Schnetz-Boutaud,N., Agarwal,A., Postel,E.A., and Pericak-Vance,M.A. Complement factor H variant increases the risk of age-related macular degeneration. 2005; Science. 308: 419-421.
Goto Top
- Hayward,C., Shu,X., Cideciyan,A.V., Lennon,A., Barran,P., Zareparsi,S., Sawyer,L., Hendry,G., Dhillon,B., Milam,A.H., Luthert,P.J., Swaroop,A., Hastie,N.D., Jacobson,S.G., and Wright,A.F. Mutation in a short-chain collagen gene, CTRP5, results in extracellular deposit formation in late-onset retinal degeneration: a genetic model for age-related macular degeneration. 2003; Hum Mol.Genet. 12: 2657-2667.
Goto Top
- Heon,E., Piguet,B., Munier,F., Sneed,S.R., Morgan,C.M., Forni,S., Pescia,G., Schorderet,D., Taylor,C.M., Streb,L.M., Wiles,C.D., Nishimura,D.Y., Sheffield,V.C., and Stone,E.M. Linkage of autosomal dominant radial drusen (malattia leventinese) to chromosome 2p16-21. 1996; Arch.Ophthalmol. 114: 193-198.
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