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Albinism

Recent update from: 26.02.04


Disease Genelocus MIM Gene Gene MIM MoI Assignment

Linked Marker [cM] Remarks References
Albinism-deafness syndrome ADFN 300700

xl Xq26.3-27.1

F9- DXS91
(21)
Chediak-Higashi syndrome CHS1 214500 LYST 606897 ar 1q42.1-q42.2


  • Incidence 1/106 birth
  • (2)
    (13)
    Griscelli-Syndrome GS 214450 RAB27A 603868 ar 15q21

    D15S1032- D15S1003- D15S209- CHCL.GCT1C8- D15S1049- D15S121- D15S1029- D15S962
    (12)
    Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome HPS1 203300 HPS1, ep 604982 ar 10q23

    D10S677
  • OCA
  • Bleeding tendency
  • Ceroid-lipofuscin lysosomal storage disease
  • Prevalence of 1/1800 in northwest Puerto Rico
  • Isolated village in the Swiss Alps
  • (6)
    (15)
    (16)
    (26)
    (22)
    Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome HPS2 203300 ADTB3A 603401 ar 5q13


  • Reduced levels of the AP-3 complex
  • Increased surface expression of lysosomal membrane proteins but not lysosomal proteins
  • (5)
    Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome HPS3 203300 HPS3 606118 ar 3q24

    D3S1764- D3S1589- GATA50C05- GATA88G10- D3S1593- D3S1557- D3S1608- D3S2439- D3S1744- D3S3618- [1.6 cM D3S3626-D3S1306- D3S1555- D3S3022- D3S3705]- D3S1306- D3S2401- GGAA15H10- D3S1279- D3S1594- D3S3053
  • 6 Puerto Rican Families
  • PDP
  • Founder Mutation
  • Less severe disease
  • 8 non Puerto-Rican
  • (1)
    (8)
    Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome HPS4 203300 HPS4, le 606682 ar 22q11.2-q12.2



    (24)
    Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome HPS5 203300 HPS5, ru2 607521 ar 11p15-p13



    (27)
    Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome HPS6 203300 HPS6, ru 607522 ar 10q24.32



    (27)
    Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome HPS7 203300 DTNBP1 607145 ar 6p22.3



    (10)
    ocular OAR 203310

    ar 6q13-15


    chrom. del. (18)
    ocular (Nettleship-Falls) OA1 300500 OA1
    xl Xp22.3-22.2

    DXS237- DXS143
    DXS143- DXS85

    (3)
    (20)
    ocular, autosomal recessive OA3 300600 P-gene
    ar 15q11.2-q12



    (18)
    oculocutaneous - type 1 OCA1 203100 Tyr 606933 ar 11q14.3



    (7)
    (25)
    oculocutaneous - type 2 OCA2 203200 P-gene
    ar 15q11.2-12

    D15S12 Families with parallel OCA3 and OCA2 phenotypes (17)
    (19)
    (23)
    (11)
    oculocutaneous, brown OCA3 203290 TRP1 115501 ar 9p23


    Families with parallel OCA3 and OCA2 phenotypes (4)
    (11)
    oculocutaneous OCA4 606574 MATP, AIM1 606202 ar 5p13

    GHR- SLC1A3- AIM1- MYO10
    (14)
    oculocutaneous OCA5 203200 MC1R 155555 ar 16q24.3



    (9)

    MoI = Mode of Inheritance: a: autosomal, ad: autosomal dominant, ar: autosomal recessive, xl: x-linked, mt: mitochondrial

    References

    1. Anikster,Y., Huizing,M., White,J., Shevchenko,Y.O., Fitzpatrick,D.L., Touchman,J.W., Compton,J.G., Bale,S.J., Swank,R.T., Gahl,W.A., and Toro,J.R. Mutation of a new gene causes a unique form of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome in a genetic isolate of central Puerto Rico. 2001; Nat.Genet. 28: 376-380.
      Link to PubMed

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    2. Barbosa,M.D., Nguyen,Q.A., Tchernev,V.T., Ashley,J.A., Detter,J.C., Blaydes,S.M., Brandt,S.J., Chotai,D., Hodgman,C., Solari,R.C., Lovett,M., and Kingsmore,S.F. Identification of the homologous beige and Chediak-Higashi syndrome genes. 1996; Nature. 382: 262-265.
      Link to PubMed

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    3. Bassi,M.T., Renieri,A., De Nigris,F., Galli,L., Bruttini,M., Bergen,A.A.B., Lewis,R.A., Yates,J., Meitinger,T., and Ballabio,A. Genomic structure and mutation analysis of the ocular albinism type 1 (OA1) gene. 1995; Am.J.Hum.Genet. 57: A7
      Goto Top
    4. Cohen,T., Muller,R.M., Tomita,Y., and Shibahara,S. Nucleotide sequence of the cDNA encoding human tyrosinase- related protein. 1990; Nucleic.Acids.Res. 18: 2807-2808.
      Link to PubMed

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    5. Dell'Angelica,E.C., Shotelersuk,V., Aguilar,R.C., Gahl,W.A., and Bonifacino,J.S. Altered trafficking of lysosomal proteins in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome due to mutations in the beta 3A subunit of the AP-3 adaptor. 1999; Mol.Cell. 3: 11-21.
      Link to PubMed

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    6. Fukai,K., Holmes,S.A., Lucchese,N.J., Siu,V.M., Weleber,R.G., Schnur,R.E., and Spritz,R.A. Autosomal recessive ocular albinism associated with a functionally significant tyrosinase gene polymorphism. 1995; Nat.Genet. 9: 92-95.
      Link to PubMed

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    7. Giebel,L.B., Strunk,K.M., King,R.A., Hanifin,J.M., and Spritz,R.A. A frequent tyrosinase gene mutation in classic, tyrosinase- negative (type IA) oculocutaneous albinism. 1990; Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A. 87: 3255-3258.
      Link to PubMed
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    8. Huizing,M., Anikster,Y., Fitzpatrick,D.L., Jeong,A.B., D'Souza,M., Rausche,M., Toro,J.R., Kaiser-Kupfer,M.I., White,J.G., and Gahl,W.A. Hermansky-pudlak syndrome type 3 in ashkenazi jews and other non-puerto rican patients with hypopigmentation and platelet storage-pool deficiency. 2001; Am.J.Hum.Genet. 69: 1022-1032.
      Link to PubMed

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    9. King,R.A., Willaert,R.K., Schmidt,R.M., Pietsch,J., Savage,S., Brott,M.J., Fryer,J.P., Summers,C.G., and Oetting,W.S. MC1R Mutations Modify the Classic Phenotype of Oculocutaneous Albinism Type 2 (OCA2). 2003; Am.J.Hum.Genet. 73: 638-645.
      Link to PubMed

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    10. Li,W., Zhang,Q., Oiso,N., Novak,E.K., Gautam,R., O'Brien,E.P., Tinsley,C.L., Blake,D.J., Spritz,R.A., Copeland,N.G., Jenkins,N.A., Amato,D., Roe,B.A., Starcevic,M., Dell'Angelica,E.C., Elliott,R.W., Mishra,V., Kingsmore,S.F., Paylor,R.E., and Swank,R.T. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 7 (HPS-7) results from mutant dysbindin, a member of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC-1). 2003; Nat.Genet. 35: 84-89.
      Link to PubMed
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    11. Manga,P., Kromberg,J.G., Turner,A., Jenkins,T., and Ramsay,M. In Southern Africa, Brown Oculocutaneous Albinism (BOCA) Maps to the OCA2 Locus on Chromosome 15q: P-Gene Mutations Identified. 2001; Am.J.Hum.Genet. 68: 782-787.
      Link to PubMed
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    12. Menasche,G., Pastural,E., Feldmann,J., Certain,S., Ersoy,F., Dupuis,S., Wulffraat,N., Bianchi,D., Fischer,A., Le Deist,F., and de Saint,B.G. Mutations in RAB27A cause Griscelli syndrome associated with haemophagocytic syndrome. 2000; Nat.Genet. 25: 173-176.
      Link to PubMed
      Goto Top
    13. Nagle,D.L., Karim,M.A., Woolf,E.A., Holmgren,L., Bork,P., Misumi,D.J., McGrail,S.H., Dussault,B.J., Jr., Perou,C.M., Boissy,R.E., Duyk,G.M., Spritz,R.A., and Moore,K.J. Identification and mutation analysis of the complete gene for Chediak-Higashi syndrome. 1996; Nat.Genet. 14: 307-311.
      Link to PubMed
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    14. Newton,J.M., Cohen-Barak,O., Hagiwara,N., Gardner,J.M., Davisson,M.T., King,R.A., and Brilliant,M.H. Mutations in the Human Orthologue of the Mouse underwhite Gene (uw) Underlie a New Form of Oculocutaneous Albinism, OCA4. 2001; Am.J.Hum.Genet. 69: 981-988.
      Link to PubMed

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    15. Oh,J., Bailin,T., Fukai,K., Feng,G.H., Ho,L., Mao,J.I., Frenk,E., Tamura,N., and Spritz,R.A. Positional cloning of a gene for Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, a disorder of cytoplasmic organelles. 1996; Nat.Genet. 14: 300-306.
      Link to PubMed

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    16. Oh,J., Liu,Z.X., Feng,G.H., Raposo,G., and Spritz,R.A. The Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) protein is part of a high molecular weight complex involved in biogenesis of early melanosomes. 2000; Hum.Mol.Genet. 9: 375-385.
      Link to PubMed

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    17. Rinchik,E.M., Bultman,S.J., Horsthemke,B., Lee,S.T., Strunk,K.M., Spritz,R.A., Avidano,K.M., Jong,M.T., and Nicholls,R.D. A gene for the mouse pink-eyed dilution locus and for human type II oculocutaneous albinism. 1993; Nature. 361: 72-76.
      Link to PubMed

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    18. Rose,N.C., Menacker,S.J., Schnur,R.E., Jackson,L., McDonald McGinn,D.M., Stump,T., Emanuel,B.S., and Zackai,E.H. Ocular albinism in a male with del (6)(q13-q15): candidate region for autosomal recessive ocular albinism? 1992; Am.J.Med.Genet. 42: 700-705.
      Link to PubMed

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    19. Rosemblat,S., Durham Pierre,D., Gardner,J.M., Nakatsu,Y., Brilliant,M.H., and Orlow,S.J. Identification of a melanosomal membrane protein encoded by the pink-eyed dilution (type II oculocutaneous albinism) gene. 1994; Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A. 91: 12071-12075.
      Link to PubMed

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    20. Schiaffino,M.V., Bassi,M.T., Galli,L., Renieri,A., Bruttini,M., Denigris,F., Bergen,A.A.B., Charles,S.J., Yates,J.R.W., Meindl,A., Lewis,R.A., King,R.A., Ballabio,A., De Nigris,F., and Yates,J.R. Analysis of the OA1 gene reveals mutations in only one third of patients with X-linked ocular albinism. 1995; Hum.Mol.Genet. 4: 2319-2325.
      Link to PubMed

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    21. Shiloh,Y., Litvak,G., Ziv,Y., Lehner,T., Sandkuyl,L., Hildesheimer,M., Buchris,V., Cremers,F.P., Szabo,P., and White,B.N. Genetic mapping of X-linked albinism-deafness syndrome (ADFN) to Xq26.3-q27.I. 1990; Am.J.Hum.Genet. 47: 20-27.
      Link to PubMed

      Goto Top
    22. Shotelersuk,V., Hazelwood,S., Larson,D., Iwata,F., Kaiser-Kupfer,M.I., Kuehl,E., Bernardini,I., and Gahl,W.A. Three new mutations in a gene causing Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: clinical correlations. 1998; Mol.Genet Metab. 64: 99-107.
      Link to PubMed
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    23. Stevens,G., Vanbeukering,J., Jenkins,T., Ramsay,M., and van Beukering,J. An intragenic deletion of the P gene is the common mutation causing tyrosinase-positive oculocutaneous albinism in southern African Negroids. 1995; Am.J.Hum.Genet. 56: 586-591.
      Link to PubMed

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    24. Suzuki,T., Li,W., Zhang,Q., Karim,A., Novak,E.K., Sviderskaya,E.V., Hill,S.P., Bennett,D.C., Levin,A.V., Nieuwenhuis,H.K., Fong,C.T., Castellan,C., Miterski,B., Swank,R.T., and Spritz,R.A. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome is caused by mutations in HPS4, the human homolog of the mouse light-ear gene. 2002; Nat.Genet. 30: 321-324.
      Link to PubMed

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    25. Tripathi,R.K., Bundey,S., Musarella,M.A., Droetto,S., Strunk,K.M., Holmes,S.A., and Spritz,R.A. Mutations of the tyrosinase gene in Indo-Pakistani patients with type I (tyrosinase-deficient) oculocutaneous albinism (OCA). 1993; Am.J.Hum.Genet. 53: 1173-1179.
      Link to PubMed

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    26. Wildenberg,S.C., Oetting,W.S., Almodovar,C., Krumwiede,M., White,J.G., and King,R.A. A gene causing Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome in a Puerto Rican population maps to chromosome 10q2. 1995; Am.J.Hum.Genet. 57: 755-765.
      Link to PubMed
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    27. Zhang,Y., Schlachetzki,F., Li,J.Y., Boado,R.J., and Pardridge,W.M. Organ-specific gene expression in the rhesus monkey eye following intravenous non-viral gene transfer. 2003; Mol.Vis. 9:465-72.: 465-472.
      Link to PubMed

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    This site is maintained and edited by
    Dr. rer. medic. Markus Preising, Dipl.Biol.
    Molecular Genetics Laboratory
    Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismology and Ophthalmogenetics
    University of Regensburg
    Head: Prof. Dr. med. Birgit Lorenz